Yayin bala'in, likitocin suna amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal da aka raba (kwayoyin rigakafin da aka samar) don taimakawa marasa lafiya yaƙar kamuwa da cutar COVID-19. Yanzu masu bincike na UC Davis suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa yaƙi da ciwo mai tsanani. Manufar ita ce a samar da mai rage jin zafi na wata-wata wanda zai iya maye gurbin opioids.
Aikin yana jagorancin Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoi da James Trimmer, farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Halittu da Biology na Membrane a Jami'ar California, Davis School of Medicine. Sun haɗu da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da yawancin masu bincike iri ɗaya waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin juya dafin tarantula zuwa magungunan kashe zafi.
A farkon wannan shekara, Yarov-Yarovoy da Trimmer sun sami kyautar dala miliyan 1.5 daga shirin HEAL na Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa, wanda wani yunƙuri ne na haɓaka hanyoyin kimiyya don ɗaukar rikicin opioid na ƙasar.
Saboda ciwo mai tsanani, mutane na iya zama masu amfani da opioids. Cibiyar Kididdigar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa ta Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka ta kiyasta cewa za a sami mace-mace 107,622 a Amurka a cikin 2021, kusan kashi 15% fiye da kiyasin mutuwar 93,655 a cikin 2020.
"Ayyukan da aka samu na baya-bayan nan a cikin tsarin tsari da ilmin lissafi - yin amfani da kwamfutoci don fahimta da kuma samfurin tsarin nazarin halittu - sun kafa tushe don aikace-aikace na sababbin hanyoyin da za a samar da kwayoyin halitta a matsayin masu takarar magunguna masu kyau don magance ciwo mai tsanani," in ji Yarov. Yarovoy, babban dan wasan kwaikwayo na Sai award.
"Magungunan rigakafi na monoclonal sune yanki mafi girma na masana'antar harhada magunguna kuma suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa akan magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta," in ji Trimmer. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi kwayoyi ne waɗanda ke shiga cikin sel cikin sauƙi. Ana amfani da su sosai a magani.
A cikin shekaru da yawa, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Trimmer ya ƙirƙiri dubban ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal daban-daban don dalilai daban-daban, amma wannan shine ƙoƙari na farko na ƙirƙirar maganin rigakafin da aka ƙera don rage zafi.
Ko da yake yana da kyau a nan gaba, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta amince da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal don magani da rigakafin ƙaura. Sabbin magungunan suna aiki ne akan furotin da ke da alaƙa da ƙaura wanda ake kira peptide mai alaƙa da ƙwayoyin halittar calcitonin.
Aikin UC Davis yana da manufa daban-daban - takamaiman tashoshi na ion a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya da ake kira tashoshi sodium-gated sodium. Wadannan tashoshi suna kamar "pores" akan ƙwayoyin jijiya.
“Kwayoyin jijiyoyi suna da alhakin watsa siginar jin zafi a cikin jiki. Tashar ion sodium ion mai yuwuwar-gated a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya sune maɓalli masu watsa zafi,” in ji Yarov-Yarovoy. "Manufarmu ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke ɗaure wa waɗannan takamaiman wuraren watsawa a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta, hana ayyukansu da toshe watsa siginar jin zafi."
Masu bincike sun mayar da hankali kan tashoshi uku na sodium da ke hade da ciwo: NaV1.7, NaV1.8, da NaV1.9.
Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka dace da waɗannan tashoshi, kamar maɓalli da ke buɗe kulle. An tsara wannan tsarin da aka yi niyya don toshe watsa siginar ciwo ta hanyar tashar ba tare da tsoma baki tare da wasu siginar da aka watsa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin jijiya ba.
Matsalar ita ce tsarin tashoshin guda uku da suke kokarin toshewa yana da sarkakiya.
Don magance wannan matsalar, sun juya zuwa shirye-shiryen Rosetta da AlphaFold. Tare da Rosetta, masu bincike suna haɓaka samfuran sunadaran sunadaran kama-da-wane da kuma nazarin samfuran da suka fi dacewa da tashoshi na NaV1.7, NaV1.8, da NaV1.9. Tare da AlphaFold, masu bincike zasu iya gwada sunadaran da Rosetta suka haɓaka da kansu.
Da zarar sun gano wasu ƴan sunadaran da ke da alƙawarin, sun ƙirƙiri ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda za a iya gwada su akan naman jijiyoyi da aka ƙirƙira a cikin lab. Gwajin ɗan adam zai ɗauki shekaru.
Amma masu bincike sun yi farin ciki game da yuwuwar wannan sabuwar hanyar. Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal (NSAIDs), irin su ibuprofen da acetaminophen, dole ne a sha sau da yawa a rana don rage zafi. Ana amfani da magungunan kashe radadi na Opioid kullum kuma suna ɗaukar haɗarin jaraba.
Duk da haka, ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal na iya yawo a cikin jini fiye da wata guda kafin daga bisani jiki ya rushe su. Masu binciken sun yi tsammanin marasa lafiya za su ba da kansu da kansu maganin antibody na analgesic monoclonal sau ɗaya a wata.
"Ga marasa lafiya da ciwo mai tsanani, wannan shine ainihin abin da kuke bukata," in ji Yarov-Yarovoy. "Suna jin zafi ba na kwanaki ba, amma na makonni da watanni. Ana sa ran cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke yawo za su iya ba da taimako na jin zafi wanda zai ɗauki makonni da yawa. "
Sauran mambobin kungiyar sun hada da EPFL's Bruno Correia, Yale's Steven Waxman, EicOsis' William Schmidt da Heike Wolf, Bruce Hammock, Teanne Griffith, Karen Wagner, John T. Sack, David J. Copenhaver, Scott Fishman, Daniel J. Tancredi, Hai Nguyen, Phuong Tran Nguyen, Diego Lopez Mateos, da Robert Stewart na UC Davis.
Out of business hours, holidays and weekends: hs-publicaffairs@ucdavis.edu916-734-2011 (ask a public relations officer)
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-29-2022